Current - Issue
Year 2026 · Volume 6 · Issue 4
Original Article
Lora-Based Offline Emergency Communication System
B. Sangeeth Kumar1
Sri Dhanush Singh2
Nitu Jha3
Yerneni Madhumathi4
Nadiminti Phaneendra5
1 Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Dr. Lankapalli Bullayya College of Engineering, Andhra Pradesh, India. 2 3 4 5 Department of ECE, Dr. Lankapalli Bullayya College of Engineering (Autonomous), Andhra University, India.
Published Online: July-August 2026
Pages: 162-166
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260604019
References
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vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 855–873, 2017.
2. M. Centenaro, L. Vangelista, A. Zanella, and M. Zorzi, "Long-Range Communications in Unlicensed Bands: The Rising Stars in the IoT
and Smart City Scenarios," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 60–67, Oct. 2016.
3. Semtech Corporation, LoRa Technology Overview. Available: https://www.semtech.com/lora. Accessed: Jul. 2026.
4. LoRa Alliance, LoRaWAN Specification. Available: https://lora-alliance.org. Accessed: Jul. 2026.
5. Arduino, Arduino Nano Documentation. Available: https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/nano. Accessed: Jul. 2026.
6. Arduino, Arduino IDE Documentation. Available: https://docs.arduino.cc/software/ide. Accessed: Jul. 2026.
7. Semtech Corporation, SX1276/77/78/79 LoRa Transceiver Datasheet. Available: https://www.semtech.com/products/wireless-rf/lora-
connect/sx1278. Accessed: Jul. 2026.
8. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Emergency Telecommunications. Available: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Emergency-
Telecommunications. Accessed: Jul. 2026.
9. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Emergency Communication Systems. Available: https://www.fema.gov. Accessed: Jul.
2026.
10. A. Augustin, J. Yi, T. Clausen, and W. M. Townsley, "A Study of LoRa: Long Range & Low Power Networks for the Internet of Things,"
Sensors, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1–18, 2016.
11. T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 2002.
12. S. Misra, C. Roy, and A. Mukherjee, Introduction to IoT. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
13. N. Borisov and D. Johnson, "Secure Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 84–90,
Oct. 2004.
14. K. Ashton, "That 'Internet of Things' Thing," RFID Journal, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 97–114, 2009.
15. H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
16. C. Gomez, J. Paradells, O. Trullols, L. Cano, and R. Ferrus, "Overview and Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy: An Emerging Low-Power
Wireless Technology," Sensors, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 11734–11753, 2012.
17. A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. Castellani, L. Vangelista, and M. Zorzi, "Internet of Things for Smart Cities," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol.
1, no. 1, pp. 22–32, Feb. 2014.
18. B. Sklar, Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed. Pearson Education, 2001.
19. S. Haykin, Communication Systems, 5th ed. Wiley, 2009.
20. J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications, 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2008.
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