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The 21st century has marked a transformative phase in Indian women’s literature. Contemporary women writers move beyond reformist agendas and domestic concerns to engage with complex socio-political realities such as caste violence, gender identity, body politics, migration, ecological crisis, globalization, and digital modernity. Using feminist, postcolonial feminist, and intersectional frameworks, this paper critically examines emerging thematic trends in the works of Arundhati Roy, Jhumpa Lahiri, Kiran Desai, Anita Nair, and Meena Kandasamy. The study highlights that 21st-century Indian women’s writing functions as a dynamic discourse of resistance, redefining agency and reshaping Indian feminist thought.