Smart Driver Drowsiness Detection and Automatic Vehicle Safety System

DOI

https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260603029

Published In

Volume 6, Issue 3 (2026)

Published Online

May-June 2026

Pages

194-198

Article Type

Original Article

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Road accidents caused by driver drowsiness are a major concern worldwide, especially during long-distance travel and night driving. Fatigue reduces the driver’s alertness, reaction time, and decision-making ability, which can lead to severe accidents and loss of life. Therefore, there is a strong need for an intelligent and automated system that can detect driver fatigue, alert the driver, and ensure safety by taking necessary actions. The proposed Smart Driver Drowsiness Detection and Automatic Vehicle Safety System is designed to address this problem using an Arduino-based embedded system. The system continuously monitors the driver’s eye condition using an IR eye blink sensor. When the driver’s eyes remain closed for a predefined duration, the system identifies it as a drowsiness condition and immediately activates a buzzer that produces an ambulance-like alert sound. This alert not only helps in waking the driver but also notifies nearby vehicles to maintain a safe distance. If the driver does not respond to the warning, the system takes further action by gradually reducing the vehicle speed using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) through a motor driver, ensuring a safe and controlled stop of the vehicle. At the same time, an emergency warning message is displayed at the rear side of the vehicle to alert other drivers on the road. In addition to drowsiness detection, the system also incorporates an accident detection mechanism using a vibration sensor. When a sudden impact or collision is detected, the system automatically activates the GPS and GSM modules. The GPS module retrieves the real-time location of the vehicle, and the GSM module sends an emergency message containing the location details to predefined contacts and ambulance services. This enables quick emergency response and reduces the delay in providing medical assistance.